Background: The need for a rapid, noninvasive method for unwanted hair removal has led to the development of various light sources for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Source (IPLS) on unwanted hairs. Patients & Methods: In this open, uncontrolled clinical trial, 77 different anatomical areas in 34 referred patients to "Novin Didegan Clinic" in Tehran in 1380-1381, were treated by IPLS at fluencies ranging from 22 to 34 j/cm2 after their demographic data and the number of hairs were recorded. The 3 to 7 treatment sessions were accomplished 4 to 6 weeks apart. All of the patients were followed 6 months after the last therapy. The quantitative data were  analyzed by paired t test. Results: Six months after the last therapy, more than 50% reduction in number of hairs was noted in 80% of the treated areas; with mean reduction of 72±23 percent. Side effects were mild and reversible and occurred in ten patients. Conclusion: The IPLS appears to provide an effective and safe method for long term excess hair removal in various skin types.      

Background & Aim: Impression making is considered as an important step in the fixed prosthodontics.the different impression material and techniques have been supposed to be important in the dimensional changes of dies. Furthermore, the results of different studies in this regard are contradictory. The present study compared the results of two impression making techniques of putty-wash including two-step with space and double -wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity.Materials & Methods: In this experimentalinvitro study on the laboratory model, 10 impressions were made using two-step putty-wash technique with space and 10 impressions were made using double-wash techniqueby means of LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The impressions were poured using Velmix gypsum after 30 minutes. The height and diameter of the dies without undercut and the distance between two dies were measured 6 times while the variables were measured 3 times in the gypsum models by a blind operator using profile projector with an accuracy of micron. The mean values were calculated and the dimensions of the gypsum laboratory models were statistically analyzed by t- test.Results: The die height was decreased using both techniques of two-step with space and double-wash technique with LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The decrease was more pronounced in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. However, no significant differences were found between both techniques (P>0.05). Die diameter without undercut was significantly decreased in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity (P<0.0001) while it was increased in the two-step technique with spaces. Slight distances were observed between two dies in the two-step impression technique with space. However, the distance between dies were increased using double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity with significant differences (P<0.0001).Conclusion: The die diameter was decreased in the impression technique of double-wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity while the distance between base teeth have been increased in this technique. Therefore, the technique is not accurate and needs more assessments.

Complementary punishments are provided by the law and are applied by the judge only together with a main punishment and only when the judge considers the main punishment insufficient. Even in cases that the main punishment is legally mitigated, the judge is allowed to add one or more complementary punishments stipulated in the Penal Code to the main punishment to ensure the best punishment regarding the circumstances of the crime and the personality of the perpetrator. Considering the Penal Code which states that complementary punishments are applicable in Qisas, Hodud and Ta’ azir crimes of the first to six degree, it can be argued that these types of punishments are also applicable in unintentional offences. It should also be noted that the imposition of complementary punishments can be suspended or reprieved.

The growing need for energy in all dimensions, especially in residential and office use, has made the need to use renewable energy sources a vital issue. It is generally assumed that Light Shelf is a useful tool for daylight utilization. Therefore, most green buildings benefit from this technology without a realistic assessment. The purpose of this study is to objectively investigate the ability of Light Shelf to improve daylight as well as visual comfort by experimental research in Guilan. In this experimental study, the Scale Model on 1: 5 scale was built and investigated the effects of a Light Shelf system that uses different illumination (light intensity) interiors with outside amount of light while resizing the interior and exterior Light Shelf size. The data were analyzed statistically and the performance of Light Shelf in different ways was analyzed. The results show that in 73% times, the Light Shelf can increase daylight in the depth. Contrary to the notion that the use of optical light could reduce the intensity of light and subsequently reduce grey near the window, it was found that the use of this system could only 43% reduce the intensity of light and grey near the window.

Phalaenopsis (the moth orchid; Phalaenopsis spp.) is currently the most sold indoor potted crop in the world’s major floriculture markets. The effects of light quality in night interruption (NI) and NPK fertilizers were examined on the vegetative growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis, an Evolution cultivar, in a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design. Young 6-old months plants from the last days of August to October when the length of flower buds was about 5 cm, were grown under ambient light/dark of greenhouse (control), ambient light plus night interruption (23:00–03:00 h) with light intensity at 20 µmol m−2 s−1 with three spectra light including white (400-700 nm), blue (450 nm) and red (680 nm) LED lights. Also, three water-soluble NPK fertilizers including 19N-6P-20k, 12N-12P-36K and 20N-20P-20K were applied to plants at concentrations of 1/1000. The tallest plants (25 cm) at flowering were in the control group in the 20N-20P-20K fertilizer treatment. NI with white LED + 19N-6P-20k or control + 20N-20P-20K effectively increased floret number. To obtain early flowering using 12N-12P-36K (without NI) and NI treatment with white light + 20N-20P-20K and blue light + 12N-12P-36K during their reproductive stage could be suggested. Plants fertigated with 12N-12P-36K and NI with red LED, showed the highest amount of chlorophyll a (0.36 mg/FW) and b (0.17 mg/FW). The highest amount of K and P in all three light treatments were obtained in 12N-12P-36K fertilizer. The experimental results suggested that NI treatment can be used effectively to promote flower induction with an increased growth rate. To obtain high-quality plants, however, NI with red and white LEDs should be considered.

Purpose: The use of supplementary light in regions with low natural sunlight is necessary to fulfill the increasing consumer requests for fresh vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different combinations of red and blue LEDs on yield and quality of greenhouse-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits during the growth period. Research method: The experiments were conducted in Rasht, Iran as split plots in the form of a completely randomized design in three repetitions (four plants per plot) on two cultivars of sweet pepper (Padra and Shadlin). With the appearance of the first flower buds, plants were exposed to different light treatments including: three combinations of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs (T1:R8B1, T2:R7B2, and T3:R6B3), with a same intensity of 200 μmolm-2s-1 as supplement light to the natural light, together with natural light as control treatment (CT). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested weekly over 27 weeks and fruit yield and quality were assessed. Findings: Supplemental light using LEDs significantly increased yield and fruit quality parameters (except titratable acidity and maturity index) compared to the control. Marketable yield was differed among the light treatments and plants exposed to T3 showed the highest marketable yield (14.58 kg/m2). The effect of supplemental light on total yield was more detectable when the average daily light integral was the lowest (for example, the difference between T3 and the control treatment in January was 1.27 kg/m2, while this difference was 0.68 kg/m2 in June). No significant difference was observed between cultivars and T3 was the best treatment in most parameters. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: In the northern regions of Iran, even in the months that do not seem to have light limitations, the use of supplementary light is recommended to increase the yield of sweet peppers in the greenhouse.